Table 1 Complexity features per flocking model

From: Optimal flock formation induced by agent heterogeneity

Feature

Pre-assigned flocking model (1)

Time-delay model (8)

Free-flocking model (9)

Reynolds' rules

1, 2

2, 3

1, 2, 3

Communication network

piecewise constant

undirected, weighted

all-to-all

time invariant

directed, binary, signed

sparse

continuous

undirected, weighted

sparse

Communication delay

no

yes

no

Flock structure

pre-assigned positions

fixed point

lattice (emergent)

Feasible control task

flock formation

velocity consensus

target tracking

position consensus

velocity consensus

flock formation

velocity consensus

target tracking

obstacle avoidance

Related figures

Figs. 13 and S1S8

Figs. 5 and S9

Figs. 6, 7 and S10