Fig. 6: SCPS based on integration of large-scale DEG arrays and large-scale MSC arrays.

a Photographs (upper) of the key components (left: a 30-cell DEG array, middle: 6 rectifiers, right: a 400-cell MSC array) in our SCPS and the circuit design (lower). Ss,i, Spa,i, and Spb,i (i = 1, 2, …, 9) are the switches to control the connection configuration of the MSC arrays. Unmarked scale bars are 2 cm. b Discharging curves at a current of 5 µA of MSC arrays with different configurations of “mpP × msS” after being charged by the 30-cell DEG array for 30 s, where mp represents the number of parallel-connected groups, and ms represents the number of series-connected cells within each group. c Energy stored in the MSC arrays with different numbers of working cells after being charged by the 30-cell DEG array for 30 s calculated from the discharging curves, some of which are shown in (b). d Comparison of energy harvesting power (stored energy in the energy storage components divided by the DEG charging time) of various DEG-based SCPSs between this work and the literature25,29,30,32,46. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.