Fig. 3: Evaluation of transcript-protein correlation.

a Representative immune-enriched regions (each 500 × 500 μm) from COAD samples profiled using all four ST platforms. Left to right: H&E-stained histology, spatial distribution of transcriptomic signature scores for B cells, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cells derived from ST data, and corresponding CODEX staining images (DAPI, CD20, CD8, CD4). For ST data, color intensity represents the corresponding signature score of each 8 × 8 μm bin. Scale bars, 100 μm. b, c Spatial correlation between CODEX-inferred cell counts and ST-derived signature scores for different cell types over the spatial grids. Panel b shows the correlations for immune and stromal signature scores, while panel c shows the correlations for epithelial signature scores. Pearson correlation coefficients are reported. Hollow circles indicate individual correlation values obtained under different grid sizes (n = 5). Data are presented as mean values +/− SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.