Fig. 1: Genome-wide association study for N-dependent flowering regulation.

a Violin plots showing day to heading (DTH) of 149 Japanese cultivars in 2016 under low, normal and high N fertilizer condition. Each dot connected by lines indicates DTH of the same cultivars. The DTH data was shown in Supplementary Data 1. b Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the difference of DTH of the cultivars under low and high N conditions. Horizontal red lines indicate 5% genome-wide significance threshold after Bonferroni-correction. Blue lines indicate -log10P values = 5. c Local Manhattan plot (top) and LD heatmap (bottom) surrounding the candidate peak on Chr. 3. Red dashed lines indicate the close up of the peak region shown in this figure (b). d Exon-intron structure of Hd6 with polymorphisms inducing amino acid exchanges. e Violin plots showing DTH of 149 Japanese cultivars that have loss-of-function (haplotype [Hap.] A) and gain-of-function (Hap. B). The data corresponds to that shown in (a). Haplotype information is shown in Supplementary Data 1.