Fig. 1: Grounding line (GL) positions of Berry Glacier, West Antarctica.

93 GL positions (location of Berry in inset) for years 1996 (white) from ERS-1/2, 2008 (blue)/2009 (cyan) from ALOS-1 PALSAR, 2019 (yellow) from S1a/b, 2020 (orange) from CSK, 2021 (red) from ALOS-2 PALSAR/CSK, and 2023 (purple) from RCM data overlaid on bed topography from BedMachine v3.7 (outside IGZ)52 and deduced from flotation using a WorldView DEM (inside IGZ), color coded from -2000 m (blue) to 0 m (white), with 100-m contour levels. Red star in the inset shows where we calculate tides at the ice front19. NASA Operation IceBridge (OIB) tracks from 2011-2016 are black lines. Flux gates for ice discharge are pink. The drainage basin is a white dash line. The black dash box delineates area in Fig. 2a, c, e.