Fig. 4: Relationship between sulfide structural evolution and OER performance.

a Relationship between the weighted p-band center of sulfur and the catalytic activity of sulfides. b Integrated COHP values of Co–S bonds at different positions in RC69%, RC76%, and RC83%. The positions of Co1, Co2, and the S atom are shown in Fig. 1f. c Atomic fraction of sulfur as a function of the reaction time of RC69%, RC76%, and RC83% at 1.55 V vs RHE. Atomic fractions were collected from HADDF-STEM images. The detection limit of the instrument for elemental content is 0.5%. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.