Fig. 1: Time course of courtship LTM shows a MB-specific transcriptional trace.

A Schematic of courtship training and sample collection approach for both trained and naïve flies. Arrows represent trained-naïve comparisons used in downstream differential expression analysis. B Differential expression analysis results, separated by upregulation or downregulation and by mushroom body (MB) or whole head (WH), for each trained-naïve comparison (FDR < 0.1). C Venn diagram of training induced genes (TIGs) identified in WH and MB. D Relative z-score induction during LTM formation in MB (orange) or WH (black) above naïve (N) baseline (dashed line) for TIGs identified only in the WH, only in the MB, or in both the WH and MB (MBWH). Statistical comparison between MB and WH was performed with a two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05). The black bar indicates nighttime. E Gene ontology analysis was performed for TIGs identified as part of the MB specific courtship memory trace (MB and MBWH, n = 756), as well as TIGs identified only in the WH (n = 815). A selection of significant (FDR < 0.05) curated metabolism, signaling, translation and cytoskeleton-associated terms are displayed. −Log₁₀ (p value) is represented in a heatmap. Relative z-score induction during LTM formation in MB or WH above naïve baseline for TIGs annotated to the selected significantly enriched GO terms F “actin cytoskeleton organization” and G “aerobic respiration”. Statistical comparison between MB and WH was performed with a two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05). The black bar indicates nighttime. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM).