Fig. 2: Microstructure of the MLCC and gamma irradiation-induced average structure evolution.

Microstructure of the MLCC without gamma itradiation: a Overall morphology of the sample used for TEM testing; b TEM image and c corresponding SAED along [100]; d High-resolution TEM image showing the core-shell structure; e EELS spectra of the dielectric-electrode layers. Average structure of BT-Ce ceramics before irradiation (0 Gy/s) and after irradiation with various dose rates (1E-1 Gy/s with 100 Gy, 1E-3 Gy/s with 264 Gy, 3.35E-6 Gy/s with 0.8844 Gy): f Magnified XRD patterns, g FWHM of (110) XRD peaks and h Raman spectra.