Fig. 3: Defect structure evolution after gamma ray irradiation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Defect structure evolution after gamma ray irradiation.

From: Insight into the effects of gamma radiation on MLCCs: from in situ capacitance experiments to physical mechanisms

Fig. 3

a EPR spectra of BT-Ce ceramics before (0 Gy/s) and after gamma ray irradiation (1E-1 Gy/s with 100 Gy, 1E-3 Gy/s with 264 Gy, 3.35E-6 Gy/s with 0.8844 Gy); The reason for selecting 1E-1 Gy/s with 100 Gy instead of 2000 Gy is from the in-situ capacitance evolution in Fig. 1b, and to ensure that the total dose did not differ much. b Fitted EPR curves (Exp means experimental data; Sim represents the line fitted using EasySpin considering Vo and Ti3+; Dy is the line fitted considering the dysonian based on Sim); c Fitted XPS curves of BT-Ce ceramics with 0 Gy/s and 3.35E-6 Gy/s; d Oxygen vacancy (VO), Ti3+, and Ba vacancy (VBa) concentrations as a function of the radiation dose rate; e–i SSPFM mapping (Vc and Vi) and representative amplitude/phase curves of MLCCs: e–g before and h–j after gamma ray irradiation.

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