Fig. 3: X-ray absorption spectroscopy of catalysts.

XANES spectra of a Co K-edge, b Ru K-edge. c Co K-edge and d Ru K-edge EXAFS spectrum fitting of CoRu-N-C. Wavelet transform plots for e Co element and f Ru element of CoRu-N-C. Structural models of g CoRuN and h CoN moiety (the blue, gray, purple and yellow spheres present N, C, Co, and Ru atoms).