Fig. 8: ES transcriptional signature of EF-heMSC derived experimental tumors.

A Expression maps of some of the genes differentially expressed in Ewing sarcomas (Supplementary Data 3) (adjusted p value < 0.05, log2(FC), top 100). B IHC of the ES distinctive markers BCL11B and ITM2A in EF-heMSC-derived tumors. Thymus, spleen, and liver sections correspond to normal tissues. Magnification bar, 50 μm. C Expression levels of differentially expressed genes in Ewing sarcoma cell lines and in other tumor cell lines, extracted from the DepMap portal (https://depmap.org/). Legends in bold highlight genes directly bound by EWS::FLI1 in A673 cells in promoters or enhancers²⁸. A two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was performed. D Spatial images of the gene set activity scores calculated using the singscore R package^70,71, which implements a rank-based single-sample scoring method. Scores were computed using unidirectional gene signatures with known direction (knownDirection = TRUE). The resulting scores are directly interpretable as a normalized mean percentile rank. As a reference gene set, the top 400 (for abdominal mass) or 200 (for pulmonary metastasis) differentially expressed genes in Ewing sarcoma (Supplementary Data 3) were ordered by the log2(FC) (adjusted p value < 0.5).