Fig. 4: Pairwise FST comparisons among Trichuris populations from different regions.

a Visual representation of the matrix of pairwise FST comparisons among Trichuris trichiura populations across countries, indicating genetic differentiation. b Visual representation of the matrix of pairwise FST comparisons among Trichuris incognita populations across countries, indicating genetic differentiation; (*p = 0.038). CI Côte d’Ivoire, LA Laos; TA Tanzania, UG Uganda; Statistical significance was assessed via two-sided permutation tests with 1000 permutations, and no adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.