Fig. 2: Interface structure.
From: Yttrium oxide engineered substrate enables improved durability for perovskite solar cells
a STEM-EDS analysis of the FTO/Y2O3/SnO2/perovskite stack. Element mappings for (b) tin, (c) lead, (d) yttrium, and (e) oxygen. f Cross-sectional high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images of the FTO/Y2O3/SnO2/perovskite stack. g XRD patterns of the pristine FTO and 800 nm thick Y2O3@FTO samples. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of the FTO/Y2O3 interface at (h) FTO region and (i) Y2O3 region.
