Fig. 5: NDVImax and GPPmax simulations, and environmental contributions.
From: Decadal trends in global grassland growth peaks and their drivers since the 1980s
a, c Area-weighted global NDVImax and GPPmax simulations by all variables (SALL), and factorial simulations by holding climate variables (SCLI), CO2 (SCO2), nitrogen deposition rate (SN), cropland fraction (SCropland), and rangeland fraction (SRangeland). b, d Contributions of precipitation (PPT), air temperature (TA), solar radiation (Rad), CO2, nitrogen deposition rate (N), cropland fraction (Cropland), and rangeland fraction (Rangeland) to NDVImax and GPPmax changes during 1998-2009. Climate variables include PPT, TA, and Rad. Pi charts in (a, c) represent the proportion of grid cells where each factor is the dominant driver of NDVImax and GPPmax change during 1998-2009. The dominant factor is defined as the variable contributing the most to NDVImax/GPPmax changes at each grid cell. Points in (b, d) represent the mean value, while the error bars indicate the interquartile range (i.e., the first and third quartiles) calculated from 205621 grassland grid cells at 0.1° resolution globally. Each grid cell is treated as an independent spatial replicate. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
