Fig. 4: Applications of nano-printed Ag NC lines.

a Illustration of structural colours (SCs) generated by grating structures. b Optical (top) and SEM (bottom) images of printed Ag NC RGB SCs with an ‘E’ shape, based on 2220 nm (left), 1720 nm (middle), and 1320 nm (right) pitch sizes, respectively. Scale bars: 10 μm. (Similar results are repeated independently for n = 10.) c SEM images of printed Ag NC gratings and their corresponding SCs formed by programming the pitch and mixing different ratios of RGB SC gratings. Scale bars: 10 μm. (Similar results are repeated independently for n = 10.) d Chromaticity coordinates of the representative SCs in c on a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Illustration of e printed sub-micron electrode arrays for single-cell monitoring and f printed metasurfaces resonating in LWIR wavelengths. SEM images of g printed Ag NC sub-micron electrode arrays and h printed LWIR split-ring resonator metasurfaces. Scale bars: 10 μm. (Similar results are repeated independently for n = 5.).