Fig. 4: Stable interface with uniform deposition behavior.
From: Electroinitiated interfacial healing for external pressure-free solid-state sodium metal batteries
Voltage-time profiles of the Na metal-based solid-state symmetric cells at the current densities of (a) 0.5, (b) 1.5, or 3.0 mA cm−2. c Voltage profile of symmetric cells optimized by EAP strategy at step-increase current densities. d Electron density distributions of various components, where the Na, S, N, C, O, and F atoms are represented by purple, yellow, blue, gray, red, and light blue spheres, respectively. e SEM images and (f) 3D reconstruction TOF-SIMS images of selected species on the surface of Na metal after 30 cycles under the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 at 25 °C optimized by adding CLE and EAP strategy. Scale bars, 25 μm. XPS spectra of (g) C 1 s and (h) O 1 s for cycled Na metal under the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 at 25 °C after different etching times.
