Fig. 7: Reaction profiles.

The complete reaction cycle of acetylene hydrochlorination over the Cu ICPs (black and red lines), CuCl (yellow line), CuCl₂ (blue line), CuN₄ (c2–c5, green line), CuN₄-CuN₄ (pink line), and CuN₃O-CuN₃O (cyan line); inset: ESR spectra of DMPO capturing Cl• during HCl adsorption on Cu-NOC-973 catalyst.