Fig. 3: Adjusted hazard ratios for primary outcomes across prespecified subgroups.

Points represent the estimated hazard ratio (measure of centre) for each subgroup, and horizontal lines represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (error bars). Sample sizes for both finerenone and spironolactone groups are n = 1132, with each patient representing an independent biological replicate. P values for interaction were derived from likelihood‑ratio χ² tests comparing Cox models with versus without the treatment × subgroup interaction terms in the PS‑matched cohort. Exact p values are provided where available; otherwise, p values are reported as <0.001 when below this threshold. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Source data are provided as a Source data file. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HF heart failure, MACE major adverse cardiac events, MAKE major adverse kidney events, RAS renin-angiotensin system, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2, UPCR urine protein and creatinine ratio.