Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes initiating finerenone or spironolactone, before and after propensity score matching
Characteristic | Before PSM, No. (%) | After PSM, No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Finerenone group (n = 1345) | Spironolactone group (n = 16,969) | SMD | Finerenone group (n = 1132) | Spironolactone group (n = 1132) | SMD | |
Age, mean (SD), years | 68.5 (10.6) | 72.3 (11.1) | 0.356 | 68.9 (10.4) | 68.9 (12.2) | 0.002 |
Sex, % | ||||||
Male | 799 (59.4) | 7435 (43.8) | 0.316 | 641 (56.6) | 644 (56.9) | 0.005 |
Female | 546 (40.6) | 9521 (56.1) | 0.314 | 491 (43.4) | 487 (43.0) | 0.007 |
Unknown sex | 0 (0) | 13 (0.1) | 0.039 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 0.042 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Not Hispanic or Latino | 1115 (82.9) | 13,245 (78.1) | 0.122 | 923 (81.5) | 910 (80.4) | 0.029 |
Hispanic or Latino | 93 (6.9) | 770 (4.5) | 0.102 | 77 (6.8) | 77 (6.8) | <0.001 |
Unknown ethnicity | 137 (10.2) | 2954 (17.4) | 0.211 | 132 (11.7) | 145 (12.8) | 0.035 |
Race | ||||||
White | 585 (43.5) | 11,029 (65.0) | 0.442 | 543 (48.0) | 516 (45.6) | 0.048 |
Black or African American | 173 (12.9) | 3,399 (20.0) | 0.194 | 167 (14.8) | 180 (15.9) | 0.032 |
Asian | 393 (29.2) | 743 (4.4) | 0.704 | 248 (21.9) | 254 (22.4) | 0.013 |
Native Hawaiian | 26 (1.9) | 90 (0.5) | 0.127 | 19 (1.7) | 16 (1.4) | 0.021 |
Unknown race | 168 (12.5) | 1708 (10.1) | 0.076 | 155 (13.7) | 166 (14.7) | 0.029 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Essential Hypertension | 1100 (81.8) | 14,141 (83.3) | 0.041 | 935 (82.6) | 921 (81.4) | 0.032 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 417 (31.0) | 8,602 (50.7) | 0.409 | 375 (33.1) | 377 (33.3) | 0.004 |
Heart failure | 263 (19.6) | 10,585 (62.4) | 0.967 | 258 (22.8) | 255 (22.5) | 0.006 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 141 (10.5) | 2,692 (15.9) | 0.160 | 126 (11.1) | 120 (10.6) | 0.017 |
Peripheral vascular diseases | 137 (10.2) | 2,170 (12.8) | 0.082 | 125 (11.0) | 112 (9.9) | 0.038 |
Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 169 (12.6) | 6,443 (38.0) | 0.611 | 164 (14.5) | 149 (13.2) | 0.038 |
Acute kidney failure | 252 (18.7) | 5,331 (31.4) | 0.296 | 230 (20.3) | 227 (20.1) | 0.007 |
COPD | 93 (6.9) | 3889 (22.9) | 0.461 | 87 (7.7) | 83 (7.3) | 0.013 |
Liver diseases | 110 (8.2) | 3075 (18.1) | 0.297 | 105 (9.3) | 96 (8.5) | 0.028 |
Neoplasms | 324 (24.1) | 5175 (30.5) | 0.144 | 288 (25.4) | 296 (26.1) | 0.016 |
Anemia | 437 (32.5) | 6785 (40.0) | 0.156 | 384 (33.9) | 370 (32.7) | 0.026 |
Systemic connective tissue disorders | 23 (1.7) | 581 (3.4) | 0.109 | 21 (1.9) | 13 (1.1) | 0.058 |
Hyperuricemia | 65 (4.8) | 338 (2.0) | 0.157 | 53 (4.7) | 38 (3.4) | 0.068 |
Sleep apnea | 233 (17.3) | 4959 (29.2) | 0.284 | 215 (19.0) | 216 (19.1) | 0.002 |
Lifestyle factors | ||||||
Depressive episode | 109 (8.1) | 2970 (17.5) | 0.284 | 104 (9.2) | 89 (7.9) | 0.047 |
Anxiety disorders | 126 (9.4) | 3294 (19.4) | 0.289 | 116 (10.2) | 104 (9.2) | 0.036 |
Nicotine dependence | 66 (4.9) | 1626 (9.6) | 0.181 | 63 (5.6) | 56 (4.9) | 0.028 |
Alcohol related disorders | 14 (1.0) | 515 (3.0) | 0.141 | 14 (1.2) | 14 (1.2) | <0.001 |
SES and psychosocial-related health hazards | 22 (1.6) | 700 (4.1) | 0.149 | 22 (1.9) | 22 (1.9) | 0.006 |
Diabetic complications | ||||||
Ophthalmic | 202 (15.0) | 1740 (10.3) | 0.144 | 169 (14.9) | 159 (14.0) | 0.025 |
Neurologic | 326 (24.2) | 4469 (26.3) | 0.048 | 283 (25.0) | 294 (26.0) | 0.022 |
Circulatory | 201 (14.9) | 2742 (16.2) | 0.034 | 173 (15.3) | 152 (13.4) | 0.053 |
Medications | ||||||
Insulin | 578 (43.0) | 9646 (56.8) | 0.280 | 503 (44.4) | 509 (45.0) | 0.011 |
Metformin | 396 (29.4) | 4452 (26.2) | 0.072 | 329 (29.1) | 333 (29.4) | 0.008 |
GLP-1RA | 339 (25.2) | 1929 (11.4) | 0.364 | 264 (23.3) | 266 (23.5) | 0.004 |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 701 (52.1) | 3742 (22.1) | 0.655 | 510 (45.1) | 516 (45.6) | 0.011 |
RAS inhibitors | 931 (69.2) | 9814 (57.8) | 0.238 | 757 (66.9) | 753 (66.5) | 0.077 |
Calcium channel blocker | 644 (47.9) | 7668 (45.2) | 0.054 | 532 (47.0) | 549 (48.5) | 0.030 |
Beta-blocker | 620 (46.1) | 11,724 (69.1) | 0.478 | 552 (48.8) | 584 (51.6) | 0.057 |
Aspirin | 290 (21.6) | 7007 (41.3) | 0.435 | 260 (23.0) | 263 (23.2) | 0.006 |
Anticoagulants | 310 (23.0) | 10,412 (61.4) | 0.842 | 301 (26.6) | 297 (26.2) | 0.008 |
HMG-CoA reductase | 884 (65.7) | 11,124 (65.6) | 0.004 | 731 (64.6) | 733 (64.8) | 0.004 |
Allopurinol | 178 (13.2) | 2034 (12.0) | 0.038 | 144 (12.7) | 138 (12.2) | 0.016 |
Laboratory and vital signs measurements | ||||||
SBP, mean (SD), mmHg | ||||||
≥130 mmHg | 992 (73.8) | 13,076 (77.1) | 0.077 | 830 (73.3) | 836 (73.9) | 0.012 |
<130 mmHg | 77 (5.7) | 1,048 (6.2) | 0.021 | 60 (5.3) | 58 (5.1) | 0.029 |
No measurement | 276 (20.5) | 2845 (16.8) | 0.10 | 242 (21.4) | 238 (21.0) | 0.009 |
HbA1c, mean (SD), % | ||||||
≥7 % | 747 (55.5) | 7323 (43.2) | 0.250 | 618 (54.6) | 620 (54.8) | 0.004 |
<7 % | 403 (30.0) | 5960 (35.1) | 0.109 | 334 (29.5) | 346 (30.6) | 0.024 |
No measurement | 195 (14.5) | 3686 (21.7) | 0.18 | 180 (15.9) | 166 (14.7) | 0.029 |
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | ||||||
≥30 kg/m2 | 525 (39.0) | 8,787 (51.8) | 0.258 | 467 (41.3) | 466 (41.2) | 0.002 |
<30 kg/m2 | 473 (35.2) | 3,933 (23.2) | 0.266 | 346 (30.6) | 355 (31.4) | 0.017 |
No measurement | 347 (25.8) | 4,249 (25.0) | 0.018 | 319 (28.2) | 311 (27.5) | 0.009 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | ||||||
≥45 mL/min/1.73m2 | 212 (15.8) | 4185 (24.7) | 0.223 | 191 (16.9) | 174 (15.4) | 0.041 |
30-44 mL/min/1.73m2 | 616 (45.8) | 7348 (43.3) | 0.050 | 521 (46.0) | 521 (46.0) | <0.001 |
<30 mL/min/1.73m2 | 517 (38.4) | 5436 (32.0) | 0.134 | 420 (37.1) | 437 (38.6) | 0.031 |
UPCR, mg/g | ||||||
≥300 mg/g | 350 (26.0) | 955 (5.6) | 0.528 | 232 (20.5) | 243 (21.5) | 0.024 |
30-300 mg/g | 130 (9.7) | 596 (3.5) | 0.250 | 97 (8.6) | 107 (9.5) | 0.031 |
<30 mg/g | 96 (7.1) | 779 (4.6) | 0.207 | 93 (8.2) | 81 (7.2) | 0.036 |
No measurement | 769 (57.2) | 14,639 (86.3) | 0.588 | 710 (62.7) | 701 (61.9) | 0.017 |
LDL, mg/dL | ||||||
≥160 mg/dL | 67 (5.0) | 518 (3.1) | 0.098 | 54 (4.8) | 54 (4.8) | <0.001 |
100–160 mg/dL | 305 (22.7) | 2764 | (16.3) | 0.162 | 243 (21.5) | 242 (21.4) |
<100 mg/dL | 663 (49.3) | 7548 (44.5) | 0.096 | 538 (47.6) | 552 (48.8) | 0.024 |
No measurement | 310 (23.0) | 6139 (36.2) | 0.29 | 297 (26.3) | 284 (25.1) | 0.027 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||||
≥240 mg/dL | 83 (6.2) | 669 (3.9) | 0.102 | 66 (5.8) | 74 (6.5) | 0.029 |
200–240 mg/dL | 176 (13.1) | 1360 (8.0) | 0.166 | 141 (12.5) | 121 (10.7) | 0.055 |
<200 mg/dL | 765 (56.9) | 8542 | (50.3) | 0.133 | 631 (55.7) | 628 (55.5) |
No measurement | 321 (23.9) | 6398 (37.7) | 0.30 | 294 (26.0) | 309 (27.3) | 0.010 |
Potassium, mEq/L | ||||||
4.5–5.0 mEq/L | 944 (70.2) | 11,347 (66.9) | 0.071 | 783 (69.2) | 748 (66.1) | 0.066 |
<4.5 mEq/L | 401 (29.8) | 5622 (33.1) | 0.071 | 349 (30.8) | 384 (33.9) | 0.066 |
