Fig. 3: Post-stroke outcomes by subtype and stage of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression in stroke patients.
From: Distinct spatiotemporal patterns of white matter hyperintensity progression
Graphs of estimated marginal means (EMMs; curved line with shaded 95% confidence interval) for post-stroke outcomes by WMH stage in each WMH subtype (fronto-parietal [FP]; radial; temporo-occipital [TO]). Scatter plots of raw means were superimposed. a Early (<3 weeks) neurological deterioration and its causes (stroke recurrence, stroke progression, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation [HT]). b Unfavorable functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score >3). c Stroke recurrence (ischemic and hemorrhagic) and mortality (all-cause and nonvascular death) within 1 year. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used; hazard ratio (HR) and two-sided P for stage (hemorrhagic stroke recurrence: 3.74 × 10−5; all-cause death: 1.52 × 10−4; nonvascular death: 6.24 × 10−6) are explicitly presented. * indicate significant (P < 0.05) between-group differences (FP vs radial, Z = 2.49, P = 0.013; FP vs TO, Z = 2.52, P = 0.012). Note that ischemic stroke recurrence and mortalities for radial (black) and TO subtype (blue) are very similar, with closely overlapping curves. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
