Fig. 3: The normalized carbon footprint under different driving strategies and the carbon emission shares by different distance categories.
From: Optimizing carbon footprint in long-haul heavy-duty E-Truck transportation
a The normalized carbon footprint for electric trucks relative to ICE Trucks across distance categories. Results compare carbon-optimized operations (CARBON) with conventional baseline operations (PRACTICE). Box plots show interquartile ranges (25th–75th percentiles) with median values indicated by internal lines. Square markers denote mean values, and error bars represent  ±1.5 standard deviations. b The estimated carbon emission share of distance category for long-haul heavy-duty trucks (data from NREL14). Source data of this figure are provided in the Source Data file.
