Fig. 4: Dose-response relationships between physical activity patterns and cause-specific mortality risk in people with epilepsy.

a All-cause mortality hazard ratios by sedentary duration. b All-cause mortality hazard ratios by light physical activity duration. c All-cause mortality hazard ratios by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. d Cardiovascular death hazard ratios by sedentary duration. e Cardiovascular death hazard ratios by light physical activity duration. f Cardiovascular death hazard ratios by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. g Cerebrovascular death hazard ratios by sedentary duration. h Cerebrovascular death hazard ratios by light physical activity duration. i Cerebrovascular death hazard ratios by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. j Epilepsy death hazard ratios by sedentary duration. k Epilepsy death hazard ratios by light physical activity duration. l Epilepsy death hazard ratios by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. m Cancer death hazard ratios by sedentary duration. n Cancer death hazard ratios by light physical activity duration. o Cancer death hazard ratios by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. The red solid curve is the point estimate of the hazard ratio (center) from the restricted cubic spline (RCS) Cox model; the pink shaded band denotes the model-based 95% confidence interval (error band) around the estimated HR. Overall and non-linear association P values are from Wald tests of the spline terms (anova on the RCS model), two-sided. The number of knots was selected by minimum AIC. The reference exposure is the prob-quantile (prob=0.10), at which HR = 1.