Table 1 HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality for all predictor variables in the derivation dataset of China Kadoorie Biobank study for men and women
Men (n = 140,135) | Women (n = 201,678) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deaths | Deaths/PYs (/1000) | HRs (95% CIs) | Deaths | Deaths/PYs (/1000) | HRs (95% CIs) | |
Age (years) | ||||||
Linear | -- | -- | 1.08 (1.08–1.08) | -- | -- | 1.08 (1.07–1.08) |
Squared | -- | -- | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | -- | -- | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
Highest education | ||||||
No formal school | 3911 | 29.2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 7594 | 12.7 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Primary school | 9489 | 18.0 | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) | 5468 | 7.3 | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) |
Middle school | 4718 | 8.9 | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | 2079 | 3.4 | 0.80 (0.76–0.85) |
High school | 2173 | 7.6 | 0.67 (0.63–0.71) | 976 | 3.0 | 0.74 (0.69–0.80) |
College/university | 1070 | 8.4 | 0.59 (0.54–0.63) | 327 | 3.0 | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 18,285 | 12.2 | 1.00 (Reference) | -- | -- | -- |
Widowed | 2195 | 38.0 | 1.19 (1.14–1.25) | -- | -- | -- |
Separated/divorced | 392 | 15.7 | 1.65 (1.50–1.83) | -- | -- | -- |
Never married | 489 | 22.4 | 1.80 (1.64–1.97) | -- | -- | -- |
Smoking* | ||||||
Never | 4649 | 11.2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 14,984 | 6.4 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Former | 1541 | 14.5 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 183 | 20.4 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) |
Current (number of cigarettes or equivalents per day) | ||||||
<20 | 7469 | 15.5 | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | 1063 | 19.9 | 1.31 (1.22–1.40) |
≥20 | 7702 | 12.7 | 1.34 (1.29–1.39) | 214 | 19.9 | 1.53 (1.34–1.76) |
Alcohol intake† | ||||||
Less than daily | 13,697 | 12.0 | 1.00 (Reference) | 15,944 | 6.8 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Current daily (g of pure alcohol per day) | ||||||
1–29 | 1116 | 14.9 | 1.02 (0.95–1.08) | 134 | 9.6 | 0.92 (0.77–1.09) |
30–59 | 1414 | 12.8 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 57 | 11.0 | 1.01 (0.77–1.31) |
≥60 | 5134 | 18.3 | 1.25 (1.21–1.30) | 309 | 13.2 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) |
Ln(physical activity level [MET-h/day]) | -- | -- | 0.91 (0.90–0.92) | -- | -- | 0.82 (0.81–0.84) |
Food consumption (per 10 g/d) | ||||||
Fresh fruits | -- | -- | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | -- | -- | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) |
Red meat | -- | -- | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | -- | -- | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) |
Fish/seafood | -- | -- | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | -- | -- | 0.93 (0.92–0.95) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
<18.5 | 2122 | 32.4 | 1.55 (1.48–1.62) | 1449 | 14.9 | 1.53 (1.44–1.62) |
18.5–23.9 | 11,867 | 13.7 | 1.00 (Reference) | 7632 | 6.3 | 1.00 (Reference) |
24.0–27.9 | 5757 | 10.8 | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 5071 | 6.3 | 0.89 (0.86–0.93) |
≥28 | 1615 | 11.2 | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | 2292 | 8.1 | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) |
Ln(systolic blood pressure [mmHg]) | -- | -- | 3.41 (3.12–3.74) | -- | -- | 3.73 (3.37–4.12) |
Resting heart rate (beats/minute) | -- | -- | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | -- | -- | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) |
Self-rated health | ||||||
Excellent/good | 7824 | 9.7 | 1.00 (Reference) | 4910 | 4.7 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Fair | 9746 | 14.6 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | 7735 | 7.1 | 1.17 (1.12–1.21) |
Poor | 3791 | 28.9 | 1.75 (1.67–1.82) | 3799 | 14.4 | 1.64 (1.56–1.71) |
Stroke at baseline | ||||||
No | 19,849 | 12.6 | 1.00 (Reference) | 15,645 | 6.6 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Yes | 1512 | 48.9 | 1.59 (1.50–1.68) | 799 | 29.1 | 1.60 (1.49–1.72) |
Cancer at baseline | ||||||
No | 21,071 | 13.2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 16,183 | 6.8 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Yes | 290 | 51.2 | 2.10 (1.87–2.37) | 261 | 23.0 | 2.04 (1.80–2.31) |
COPD at baseline | ||||||
No | 17,194 | 11.6 | 1.00 (Reference) | 14,115 | 6.3 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Yes | 4167 | 31.9 | 1.34 (1.29–1.39) | 2329 | 16.3 | 1.38 (1.32–1.45) |
Diabetes at baseline | ||||||
No | 19,074 | 12.5 | 1.00 (Reference) | 13,730 | 6.1 | 1.00 (Reference) |
Yes | 2287 | 27.7 | 1.51 (1.44–1.58) | 2714 | 19.8 | 1.79 (1.71–1.87) |
Baseline survival estimated at 5 years‡ | 0.984 | 0.992 | ||||
