Fig. 3: Triple-modal USI/PAI/FLI imaging system with an opto-US imaging probe via a TUT-array and its performance benchmark. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Triple-modal USI/PAI/FLI imaging system with an opto-US imaging probe via a TUT-array and its performance benchmark.

From: Clinical ultrasound, photoacoustic, and fluorescence image-guided lymphovenous anastomosis microsurgery via a transparent ultrasound transducer array

Fig. 3

a Schematic and photographs of the opto-US probe, showing all optical and US components. The laser beam passes directly through the TUT-array, illustrating its transparency, which enables the beam to be coaxially aligned with the US transmission path. USI, PAI, and FLI phantom imaging performance via the opto-US probe. b US B-scan images with wire targets and c anechoic targets in a standard US phantom. d PA B-scan image with black strings in a tissue-mimicking phantom. e FL en-face image of a tube filled with indocyanine green (ICG) beneath stacked layers of chicken tissue. f USI spatial resolution. g USI contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). h PAI spatial resolution. i FL intensity vs depth. j Simultaneous trimodal USI/PAI/FLI of tubes filled with blood and ICG beneath stacked layers of chicken tissue. DM dichroic mirror, M mirror, ED engineered diffuser, and OF optical fiber.

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