Fig. 3: Electrocatalytic performance in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.

a Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curve showing activity trends. b H2O2 selectivity and electron transfer number (n). c Tafel slopes highlighting kinetic characteristics. d LSV curves normalized by BET surface area for intrinsic activity comparison. e Stability measurements at ~0.56 V with periodic platinum ring reductions to eliminate PtOx accumulation.