Fig. 2: Strategies to wire the abiotic substrate and biocatalyst are critical to bio-hybrid PEC devices.
From: Bio-hybrid photoelectrochemical catalysis for solar fuels and chemicals conversion
Representative examples, advantages, and disadvantages of direct electron transfer (DET) strategies, including a Substrate nano-structuring, b Covalent bonding between the biocatalyst and substrate, c Interface modification with functional materials; and mediated electron transfer (MET) strategies, including d Protein mediator, e Small molecule mediator, f Polymer mediator. a, e reproduced from Fang et al.24 and Bouwens et al.69, respectively. b, f reproduced from Efrati et al.35 and Cheng et al.16, respectively; Copyright (2025) Springer Nature Ltd; and c, d reproduced from Zhang et al.17 and Friebe et al., respectively; Copyright (2025) Wiley-VCH.
