Fig. 3: Associations between CEs, cell states, and survival across major cancer types.

A Kaplan-Meier curves display patient overall survival across ten CEs for overall survival (OS) within the ORIEN ICI cohort (n = 1254) (p = 2.2 × 10−16, log-rank test) (B) Kaplan-Meier survival curves with regrouping ten CEs into three sub-groups: CE1-CE2, CE9- CE10, and others (CE3-8) (p = 6.2 × 10−11, log-rank test). The risk table presents comparisons between CE 1&2 vs CE 9&10 and CE 3-8 vs CE 9&10, with CE 9&10 serving as the reference group. The table includes the number of patients at baseline, median survival in months with 95% confidence intervals (CI), hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI, and associated pairwise log-rank p-values (Holm-adjusted). C Bar plots showing survival event trends among melanoma patients over 2 to 5 years of treatment, grouped by CE1 (n = 23), CE7(n = 16), CE9 (n = 20), and CE10 (n = 15). D Survival associations of CD4-specific cell states in melanoma (n = 161), NSCLC(n = 240), and H&N(n = 270), and bladder (n = 152), with color coding for better survival outcomes (blue bar) or worse survival outcomes (red bar). The x-axis represents -log (p-value) from the univariable Cox regression, the Y-axis characterizes cell state (S), and red dotted lines indicate a p-value of 0.05. CE carcinoma ecotype, H&N head and neck cancer, HR hazard ratio, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OS overall survival.