Fig. 2: Inheritance of the HSP90-regulated reduced-eye phenotype.
From: HSP90 as an evolutionary capacitor drives adaptive eye size reduction via atonal
a Inheritance of the reduced-eye trait across successive generations in established lines derived from both RNAi and 17-DMAG treatments, showing stable transmission of the trait over generations; numbers represent the total number of individuals screened per generation. The establishment of the RNAi line is shown in Fig. 1a, and 17-DMAG lines are detailed in Extended Data Fig. 3. b Mendelian inheritance of the reduced-eye trait in F1- and F2 after outcrossing reduced-eye males (♂) and females (♀) from 17-DMAG and RNAi monomorphic lines with wild type Cro1 beetles. Horizontal dashed gray lines indicate 0% and 25% expected Mendelian ratios. Crossbars and error bars represent the mean ± standard deviation for each generation; numbers represent the total number of families per treatment; each dot represents one family. RNAi lines showed significant deviations from the expected Mendelian ratio in the F2 generation (Chi-square goodness-of-fit test: RNAi ♀ - Cro1 ♂, χ² = 9.35, df = 1, p = 0.002; RNAi ♂ - Cro1 ♀, χ² = 4.96, df = 1, p = 0.026). c Penetrance of the reduced-eye phenotype in offspring from heterozygous normal-eyed parents maintained under standard light/dark or continuous light conditions. Horizontal dashed gray line indicates the expected 25% Mendelian ratio. Each dot represents one family; numbers represent the total number of families per treatment. Boxplots show the median and interquartile range (25th–75th percentile), and whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5× the interquartile range. The dark gray diamond represents the mean. In a light/dark cycle, reduced-eye offspring were significantly less frequent than expected (19.4% vs. 25; Chi-square goodness of fit: χ² = 5.76, df = 1, p = 0.016%), while in continuous light, they matched the Mendelian expectation (25.4%). Significant differences indicated by asterisks, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Source data are provided via Zenodo and linked in the Data Availability section.
