Fig. 2: Fabrication of bioengineered tissues.

a Fluorescence microscopic observation of suspended and centrifuged mMSC/GFP at different times after seeding (day 1) of > 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 500 μm. b Typical images of hLEC+hMSC tissue, hLEC+mMSC tissue, and NIH3T3 (fibroblasts) fabricated by a centrifugal cell stacking technique (day 5). Scale bars, 5 mm. c Paraffin-section image of an hLEC+hMSC tissue (day 5) of > 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 50 μm. d Immunofluorescence images of a lymphatic endothelial cell marker Prox-1 in mMSC tissues (by single seeding without centrifugation), hLEC/mMSC mixed tissue (by single seeding without centrifugation), hLEC+mMSC tissue (by centrifugal cell stacking technique), and hLEC+mMSC tissue (by centrifugal cell stacking technique) of > 3 independent experiments. Blue, DAPI; Red, Prox-1. Scale bars, 100 μm.