Fig. 4: Operando DIC characterizations of electrochemically induced straining. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Operando DIC characterizations of electrochemically induced straining.

From: Unveiling multifunctional synthetic boundaries for enhanced mechanical and electrochemical performance in densified thick composite electrodes

Fig. 4: Operando DIC characterizations of electrochemically induced straining.

a Schematic illustration of the strain avalanche effect, which originates at the atomic-scale lattice, propagates through micro-scale secondary particles, and extends to mesoscale domains. b Operando x- and y-strain mappings (via DIC analysis) showing the cross-sectional view of the composite electrode (360 μm thick) in the same region at different SOCs during delithiation at 2.0 mA cm−2 under a voltage window of 2.7–4.3 V vs. Li| Li⁺ without applying the external force. c Electrochemical-induced strains of the total electrode thickness and representative domains at various SOCs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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