Fig. 7: A unique ssTLS signature implying positive immunotherapy response.

a Pan-cancer analysis of key TLS-related signature genes (CCL5, CXCL13, CXCR5, CCL19, CXCL16, ACKR1, SELE, and CCR7) associated with immunotherapy response and overall survival (OS), P values were calculated by the log-rank test. b Dumbbell chart illustrating the survival outcomes of cellular components abundance related to the efficacy of immunotherapy, by adjusting the TMB, MSI, EBV, and PDL1 status. c H&E staining and ST-seq analysis showing the spatial distribution of TLS, conventional TLS signature genes (CD3D, CD3E, CD19, MS4A1, and CD79A) score and ssTLS signature genes (CD3D, CD3E, CD19, MS4A1, CD79A, CXCL13, CXCL16, CCL19, CCL22, ACKR1, and SELE) score. d Violin and box plots showing the expression of ssTLS signature score in anti-PD1 immunotherapy non-responsive and responsive GC, the box indicates median ± interquartile range, and whiskers represent minima and maxima. The p value was calculated using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Immunotherapy non-responsive (NR, n = 33), Immunotherapy responsive (R, n = 11). Kaplan–Meier survival plot showing the OS (e) and PFS (f) according to the ssTLS signature score in GC with anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-sided log-rank test. g A model for evaluating the GC immunotherapy sensitivity and specificity using the ssTLS signature score. Area under ROC curves for ssTLS signature on prediction of the sensitivity and specificity during immune therapy with the TCGA dataset.