Fig. 1: Mechanism underlying sonication effects probed by simulations, calculations and experiments.

a Chemical structures of different materials and schematic of sonication-based processing. b Evolution of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the L8-BO solution during sonication (inset shows the PL changes at 1 min after stopping sonication). c Effects of sonication on the molecular dynamic behavior of L8-BO in o-XY. d Effects of sonication on the change in the radius of gyration (Rg) with time. e Root mean square deviation–time plots obtained with and without sonication. f Temperature-dependent PL spectra of the sonicated L8-BO in o-XY. g Peak intensity ratio extracted from (f). h, i Two-dimensional (2D) grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) patterns of the L8-BO films obtained without and with sonication. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.