Fig. 5: Photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells.
a,b J–V curves and external quantum efficiency spectra of the devices prepared without or with sonication. c J–V curves of the devices with ternary active layers of different thickness prepared using sonication. d Positions of different binary and ternary systems in the FF–PCE space relative to those of previously reported systems. e Carrier mobilities of the control and sonication-processed devices obtained using space charge limited current (SCLC) measurements. f Density of trap states of the blend films and corresponding Gaussian fitting results. Nt, total density; δ, disorder parameter; Et, center of DOS. g Measurements of light-intensity-dependent VOC under different conditions. h,i, Normalized PCEs obtained for the PM6:L8-BO devices prepared without or with sonication during thermal stability evaluation at 80 °C and photothermal stability evaluation under continuous illumination (100 mW cm−2, white light-emitting diode) at 50 °C–60 °C. Error bars, centered on the mean, represent standard deviation for ten independent devices. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
