Fig. 7: Evaluation of cell safety and migration activities.

a Live-dead staining images of HUVECs and HaCaT cells co-cultured with A@Zn-TDP and A@Ni-TDP for 24 and 48 hours, scale bar = 200 μm. MTT assay to determine cell survival of HUVECs and HaCaT after 24 h of co-incubation with A@Ni-TDP (b) and A@Zn-TDP (c) (n = 3 independent biological replicates, data are presented as mean ± SD). d Semi-quantitative analysis of HUVECs relative migration rate (n = 3 independent biological replicates, data are presented as mean ± SD, statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons). e Scratch assay images of HUVECs, scale bars = 200 μm. Images from three independent biological replicates were acquired, and a representative example is shown in (a) and (e). Control denotes the group received an equal volume of PBS followed by either dark or light exposure, whereas Control+D indicates administration of an equal volume of PBS followed by dark exposure. D for darkness, L for light. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.