Table 1 Participant characteristics

From: Epigenetic age acceleration, telomere length, and neurocognitive function in long-term survivors of childhood cancer

 

Non-CNS-treated survivors (n = 663)

CNS-treated survivors (n = 750)

p-value*

Community controls (n = 282)

p-value*

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

 

Mean (SD)

 

Age at evaluation (years)

36.42 (9.79)

34.10 (8.76)

<0.001

35.85 (10.25)

0.286

Age at diagnosis (years)

9.93 (6.46)

7.30 (4.82)

<0.001

  

Time since diagnosis (years)

26.49 (9.41)

26.80 (8.60)

0.523

  

BMI

28.81 (7.56)

30.84 (7.75)

<0.001

29.01 (7.51)

0.082

Physical activity (Met h/wk)

7.34 (11.05)

6.95 (10.32)

0.494

7.27 (8.56)

0.814

 

N(%)

N(%)

 

N(%)

 

Male sex

352 (53.1)

395 (52.7)

0.873

137 (48.6)

0.189

Female sex

311 (46.9)

355 (47.3)

 

145 (51.4)

 

Educationa

  

0.099

 

<0.001

 <College

349 (56.9)

432 (62.5)

 

118 (45.0)

 

 ≥College Graduate

270 (43.1)

259 (37.5)

 

144 (55.0)

 

Current Smoker

140 (21.1)

150 (20.0)

0.002

36 (12.8)

0.011

Comorbiditiesb

     

 None/Low

213 (32.1)

228 (30.4)

0.851

143 (50.7)

<0.0001

 Moderate

166 (25.0)

186 (24.8)

 

80 (28.4)

 

 High

211 (31.8)

254 (33.9)

 

55 (19.5)

 

 Severe

73 (11.0)

82 (10.9)

 

4 (1.4)

 

Diagnosis

     

 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

1 (0.2)

577 (76.9)

   

 Hodgkin lymphoma

211 (31.8)

5 (0.7)

   

 Neuroblastoma

60 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

   

 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

28 (4.2)

105 (14.0)

   

 Osteosarcoma

59 (8.9)

2 (0.3)

   

 Other

231 (34.8)

60 (8.0)

   

 Wilms tumor

73 (11.0)

1 (0.1)

   

Radiation

     

 No radiation treatment

242 (36.5)

334 (44.5)

0.002

  

 Brain radiation (yes)

-

379 (26.8)

-

  

 >0–30 Gy

-

163 (35.0)

   

 >30 Gy

-

116 (15.5)

   

 Chest (yes)

306 (46.2)

76 (10.1)

<0.001

  

 Abdomen/Pelvic (yes)

209 (31.5)

70 (9.3)

<0.001

  

Chemotherapy (yes)

     

 High-dose IV cytarabine

5 (0.8)

70 (9.3)

<0.001

  

 High-dose IV methotrexate

60 (9.1)

396 (52.8)

<0.001

  

 Intrathecal methotrexate

-

697 (92.9)

-

  

 Vincristine

378 (57.0)

718 (95.7)

<0.001

  

 Anthracyclines

409 (61.7)

549 (73.2)

<0.001

  

 Cyclophosphamide

409 (61.7)

515 (68.7)

0.006

  

 Platinum agents

105 (15.8)

20 (2.7)

<0.001

  
  1. CNS central nervous system, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, Met metabolic equivalent, GED graduate educational development, Gy gray, IV intravenous.
  2. a103 survivors and 20 controls missing education.
  3. bChronic health conditions were clinically evaluated and systematically graded according to modified NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events78. Thirty-eight different composite groups of chronic health conditions were used to define comorbidity severity burden score according to previously published methods2,79. Categories were defined as “none/low” being grade 1 conditions only; “medium” being ≥1 grade 2 and/or 1 grade 3 condition(s); “high” being ≥2 grade 3, or 1 grade 4 and 1 grade 3 conditions; and “very high” being ≥2 grade 4 or ≥2 grade 3 and 1 grade 4 condition(s),
  4. *Two sample t-tests or chi-square tests.
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