Fig. 4: Relationship between air and thorax temperature.
From: Increasing temperatures affect thoracic muscle performance in Arctic bumblebees
Air temperature has a non-linear (sigmoidal) relationship with thorax temperature. We hypothesise that, at low temperatures (blue area), the thorax must heat to a minimum operating temperature, introducing a physiological trade-off with generating high acceleration defensive buzzes. At high temperatures (red area), the bee must decrease acceleration to avoid overheating. The dotted line represents a proportional increase in temperature between air and the thorax. CTmax = critical thermal maximum. Each data point represents the average per individual bee (N = 215 bees of 15 species). R2 value represents the pseudo-R2, an equivalent for sigmoidal models.
