Fig. 5: The overexpression of GMDS and TSTA3 in E. coli leads to an increase in intestinal P-gp expression.

A Overview of constructing engineered bacterial EGW overexpressing Gmd and WcaG from BL21 (DE3) (E-Control, EC). B Overview of animal experiments of Abx-Control, Abx-EC, and Abx-EGW mouse models. C, D Expression levels of P-gp in jejunum (C) and relative quantification (D) of Abx-Control, Abx-EC, and Abx-EGW groups (n  = 6/group). E Abcb1 mRNA expression levels in the jejunum of Abx-Control, Abx-EC, and Abx-EGW groups (n  = 6/group). F, G Expression levels of P-gp in ileum (F) and relative quantification (G) of Abx-Control, Abx-EC, and Abx-EGW groups (n  = 6/group). H Abcb1 mRNA expression levels in the ileum of Abx-Control, Abx-EC, and Abx-EGW groups (n  = 6/group). I, J IHC staining of P-gp on jejunum (I) and ileum (J) sections (Abx-Control, Abx-EC, and Abx-EGW groups, scale bar: 300 and 60 µm). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA (D, E, G, H). Exact P values are reported in the figures.