Fig. 2: Stable structural and functional stability.

a The ΔTad curves for 0.1 s−1 rate at different strains. b Cyclic tensile loading/unloading tests at 8% strain and a strain rate of 4 × 10−4 s−1. c ΔTad curve of cyclic tensile loading/unloading tests. The 800-cycle results were obtained using the following: loading (0.1 s−1)—unloading (0.1 s−1)—hold (10 s). This cyclic process weakens the holding time between loading and unloading, resulting in a failure to accurately measure negative ΔTad, but maximally demonstrates stable refrigeration performance. Fig. S1b reflects the true refrigeration capacity of the alloy during cycling. d Cyclic tensile loading/unloading tests (Omitting the hold time) at 7% strain and a strain rate of 0.1 s−1. e The variation of COPmat and critical stress with the number of cycles. Source data are provided as a Source data file.