Fig. 5: DFT calculations.

a Calculated charge density difference of DAT-HOF@Co-HHTP heterostructure. b Calculated O2 adsorption energies at the Co, N1, and N2 site of DAT-HOF@Co-HHTP, respectively. c Free energy diagrams for ORR over Co-HHTP and DAT-HOF@Co-HHTP heterostructure. d Schematic diagram of the ORR pathways over DAT-HOF@Co-HHTP heterostructure. Source data for Fig. 5 are provided as a Source Data file.