Fig. 1: Characterisation of drug-tolerant persister cells in glioblastoma.

a Nuclear-ID red stain images (pseudo-coloured yellow) of RKI1 and FPW1 glioblastoma stem cells treated with CMPD1 or tivantinib (25 µM). Scale bar 100 µm. Representative images on n = 2 biological replicates are shown. b Schematic and brightfield images of parent (Day 0), drug-tolerant persister (DTP) and recovered DTP (Rec-DTP) cells generated with CMPD1 or tivantinib (25 µM), followed by recovery in drug-free media (drug holiday). Scale bar 200 µm. c CMPD1 dose-response curves in parent and recovered DTP cells. Data are mean of n = 3 biological replicates, corresponding GR metrics are in Supplementary Fig. 1d. Rec-DTP cells were generated with CMPD1 (25 µM, 14 days), followed by drug holiday. d Gene Ontology of top 200 down- and upregulated genes in CMPD1 (25 μM, 14 days) derived drug-tolerant persister cells compared to parent RKI1 cells (RNA sequencing of n = 3 biological replicates). P-adjusted value (Benjamin-Hochberg correction) from Fisher’s exact test. e Heatmap of normalised lipids abundance in parent and CMPD1 (25 µM, 14 days) derived drug-tolerant persister cells (n = 3 biological replicates). f Fold-change of lipid families in CMPD1 (25 μM, 14 days) derived DTP cells compared to parent cells. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates). Multiple unpaired t-test between DTP vs Parent: * indicates p = 0.012, p = 0.036 for Chol and LPE, respectively; ** indicates p = 0.0012, p = 0.005, p = 0.001 for Cer, PS, SM, respectively. *** indicates p = 0.001 for DG. g Pearson correlation of DEGs in CMPD1 (25 μM, 14 days) derived drug-tolerant persister cells compared to RKI1 and FPW1 parent cells (RNA sequencing of n = 3 biological replicates). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.