Fig. 3: Characterization of the micro-morphology and crystalline structure of different hydrogels.

Micro-morphology comparison of a IV15SH, b AV15H, and c AV15SH-120, featuring: (i) SEM images, (ii) Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and (iii) wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns. d Azimuthally integrated intensity distribution of 2D WAXS patterns. e 1D WAXS curves showing scattering intensity vs. scattering vector (q). f Azimuthally integrated intensity distribution of 2D SAXS patterns. g) 1D SAXS curves, depicting scattering intensity vs. scattering vector (q). h Calculated average distance between crystalline regions (All data are along the orientation direction of the nanofibers.). i X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. j Calculated crystallinity of hydrogels in dry and swollen states. k Schematic representation illustrating crystalline domain transformations. Crystallinity and L data are presented as mean values ± SD, n = 3 independent samples.