Fig. 2: NE responsiveness of Bi-HCy-VPAA-Ac and characterization of Bi-HCy-ErNPs.

a Adsorption spectra, b fluorescence spectra, and (c, d) Mass spectra of pABA-VPAA-Ac, Bi-HCy-OH, Bi-HCy-VPAA-Ac, and Bi-HCy-VPAA-Ac cleaved by NE. e Illustration of proposed mechanism for cleavage and transformation of Bi-HCy-VPAA-Ac triggered by NE. f DFT calculation analysis of Bi-HCy-VPAA-Ac and Bi-HCy-OH. g TEM images, HRTEM images, FFT analysis, and SAED patterns of ErNPs and Bi-HCy-ErNPs. h HAADF-STEM images and STEM-EDX elemental mapping images of ErNPs, Bi-HCy-ErNPs without surface-functionalization of interpenetrating polymer network, and Bi-HCy-ErNPs. Experiments in (g) and (h) were repeated three times independently with similar results. i Hydrodynamic size distribution of ErNPs and Bi-HCy-ErNPs. j PXRD patterns of ErNPs and Bi-HCy-ErNPs. k Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of ErNPs and Bi-HCy-ErNPs.