Fig. 1: Synthesis of supported Ni3InC0.5 catalysts.

a Schematic illustration of the structure and phase transformation of Ni3InC0.5 catalysts. The molecular models represent H2, CO, and H2O, respectively. b,c In-situ XRD patterns (b) and contour maps (c) of the supported NiIn precursor under 25 vol% CO2/H2 during the heating process. Numbers in parentheses indicate the representative crystalline planes of the specific species. d In-situ HRTEM images of a supported Ni3In NP. White dotted lines: grain boundary between Ni3InC0.5 and Ni3In. Yellow arrows: direction of the grain boundary moving. Atmosphere: CO/CO2/H2 = 10:22.5:67.5, 400 °C, 1 bar.