Fig. 3: NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenases fall in two groups/clades, overoxidizing and non-overoxidizing enzymes, based on in vivo screening.

a Formate production by different NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenases. Strains overproducing Mdh in E. coli (ΔfrmRAB) were grown on methanol (500 mM) and pyruvate (20 mM) and formate was quantified in the supernatant of the cultures after 69 h. The formate levels of a strain harboring an empty plasmid were used as background control and subtracted from each measured value. Experiments were performed in triplicates and data are represented as mean ± the standard deviation. b Mdh enzymes that do (>4 mM, red) and do not (Mdh/Mdh1, blue) overoxidize methanol form separate phylogenetic clusters. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.