Fig. 2: Global variation in the trophic position of bears.
From: Dynamic omnivory shapes the functional role of large carnivores under global change
a Geographic distribution of diet studies based on micro histological analyses of fecal and stomach content included in the meta-analysis. The background map is based on public data from Natural Earth (www.naturalearthdata.com). b Phylogenetic tree of the lineage of bears102 (excluding U. maritimus) alongside species-specific trophic position, estimated as the relative dietary energy contribution of animal prey. The phylogenetic tree is plotted for illustrative purposes only. Black circles, thick, and thin lines represent posterior estimates (median, 50% and 90% ETIs [Equal-Tailed Intervals]) of species-specific trophic position, whereas small circles represent the estimated trophic position in each study location. Numbers in brackets give the sample size for each species. c, d Component + residual plots showing the partial relationships of trophic position with (c) net primary productivity (NPP, kg C m−2 a−1) and (d) meteorological growing season length (GSL, months with T > 0 °C) while conditioning on the effects of the other predictors. Black lines, dark and light gray bands represent estimated relationships and uncertainty (median, 50% and 90% ETIs, respectively). Sample sizes are nobservations = 210, nstudy = 155, nspecies = 7. pd is the posterior probability of a relationship being the same direction as the median.
