Fig. 3: Summary heat map for significant factors in EWAS analysis across the subgroups.

Models were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for baseline age, sex, ethnic background, family history of cardiovascular disease, and assessment center (N = 394,579). Two-sided Z-tests were used to assess statistical significance. The color of cells indicates the effect sizes between each risk factor and incident coronary heart disease. Asterisks in cells represent significant associations after correction for multiple testing (Bonferroni-corrected, p < 2.35 × 10−04). ATHI average total household income before tax, HFD/SP hands-free device/speakerphone use with mobile phone, VIT B9 Vitamin B9, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1, MET metabolic equivalent of task, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin. Source data are provided as a Source data file (Supplementary Data 6).