Fig. 5: Global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer surplus across four major crops (rice, wheat, maize and soybean). | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer surplus across four major crops (rice, wheat, maize and soybean).

From: Global-scale prevalence of low nutrient use efficiency across major crops

Fig. 5: Global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer surplus across four major crops (rice, wheat, maize and soybean).

a,b The intensity and load of N and P surplus in the ten countries with the largest global crop cultivation area across four major crops. Ranking among countries is based on the area planted to specific crops. The data are presented as mean ± sd (error bars). Each bar summarizes the statistical distribution characteristics across different countries and regions based on a global predictive raster dataset (n = 748,604).

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