Fig. 4: Reactive species identification.
a Effect of different scavengers including methanol (MeOH), tert-butanol (TBA), p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (TEMP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on phenol degradation in different catalysts-activated PMS systems. b The conversion rate of trans-stilbene to trans-stilbene in different catalysts-activated PMS systems. c Kinetic curves of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) consumption and methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO2) generation, and d the calculated transformation rate (η) in FeBi–N–C/PMS system. e Steady-state concentrations of FeIV = O in different catalysts-activated PMS systems. f In-situ Raman spectra of different systems. g Contributions of radicals, 1O2, FeIV = O, and electron transfer pathway to phenol degradation in different reaction systems. Reaction condition: [pollutants] = 10 mg L−1, catalyst dosage = 0.1 g L−1, [PMS] = 0.2 g L−1 or 50 g L−1 (if needed), [MeOH] = [TBA] = 100 mM, [TEMP] = 10 mM, [DMSO] = 20 mM, [PMSO] = 50 μM, [trans-stilbene] = 1.0 mM, T = 298 K, initial pH = 7. Error bars in the figure represent the standard deviation from three replicate experiments.
