Fig. 4: Mechanisms of antifouling behavior by CNTs-PVDF membrane. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Mechanisms of antifouling behavior by CNTs-PVDF membrane.

From: Advanced electrically conductive carbon nanotubes-PVDF composite membranes with electro-promoted water treatment performance

Fig. 4: Mechanisms of antifouling behavior by CNTs-PVDF membrane.

a SEM images of fouled surface of CNTs-PVDF30, CNTs-PVDF40, CNTs-PVDF50, CNTs-PVDF60, CNTs-PVDF75, CNTs-PVDF85, CNTs-PVDF100 membranes. b DFT-calculated adsorption energies between HA and membrane under external potential of 0 V and −1.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl. c, d MD simulation of water molecules aside CNTs in the CNTs-PVDF membrane with or without external electrical potential. e DFT-calculated water molecule distribution and density near the CNTs in the CNTs-PVDF membrane. Inserted images are MD-calculated water molecular adsorption behavior at CNTs-water interface. f Schematic of ordered water molecules aside the CNTs-PVDF membrane that enhances antifouling.

Back to article page