Fig. 8: Schematic of the experimental setup used for laser-induced Coulomb explosion imaging. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: Schematic of the experimental setup used for laser-induced Coulomb explosion imaging.

From: Exploiting correlations in multi-coincidence Coulomb explosion patterns for differentiating molecular structures using machine learning

Fig. 8: Schematic of the experimental setup used for laser-induced Coulomb explosion imaging.

A Ti:sapphire laser (810 nm, 25 fs, 3 kHz,  ~ 1015 W/cm2) is focused into a cold molecular beam produced by supersonic expansion. The laser beam is directed into the interaction region using a spherical focusing mirror. Fragment ions are guided toward the detector by electrostatic fields from a double-sided velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer operating in ion-only mode. The detector records the time-of-flight and impact position of all detected ions for each laser shot. This allows for coincidence detection on an event-by-event basis and enables reconstruction of the three-dimensional momenta of the fragment ions.

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